exwm/exwm-workspace.el

;;; exwm-workspace.el --- Workspace Module for EXWM  -*- lexical-binding: t -*-

;; Copyright (C) 2015-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

;; Author: Chris Feng <chris.w.feng@gmail.com>

;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.

;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
;; (at your option) any later version.

;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
;; GNU General Public License for more details.

;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
;; along with GNU Emacs.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

;;; Commentary:

;; This module adds workspace support for EXWM.

;;; Code:

(require 'server)

(require 'exwm-core)

(defvar exwm-manage--desktop)

(defvar exwm-workspace-number 1 "Initial number of workspaces.")
(defvar exwm-workspace--list nil "List of all workspaces (Emacs frames).")
(defvar exwm-workspace--current nil "Current active workspace.")
(defvar exwm-workspace-current-index 0 "Index of current active workspace.")

(defsubst exwm-workspace--position (frame)
  "Retrieve index of given FRAME in workspace list.

NIL if FRAME is not a workspace"
  (cl-position frame exwm-workspace--list))

(defsubst exwm-workspace--count ()
  "Retrieve total number of workspaces."
  (length exwm-workspace--list))

(defsubst exwm-workspace--workspace-p (frame)
  "Return t if FRAME is a workspace."
  (memq frame exwm-workspace--list))

(defsubst exwm-workspace--client-p (&optional frame)
  "Return non-nil if FRAME is an emacsclient frame."
  (frame-parameter frame 'client))

(defun exwm-workspace--workspace-from-frame-or-index (frame-or-index)
  "Retrieve the workspace frame from FRAME-OR-INDEX."
  (cond
   ((framep frame-or-index)
    (unless (exwm-workspace--position frame-or-index)
      (user-error "[EXWM] Frame is not a workspace %S" frame-or-index))
    frame-or-index)
   ((integerp frame-or-index)
    (unless (and (<= 0 frame-or-index)
                 (< frame-or-index (exwm-workspace--count)))
      (user-error "[EXWM] Workspace index out of range: %d" frame-or-index))
    (elt exwm-workspace--list frame-or-index))
   (t (user-error "[EXWM] Invalid workspace: %s" frame-or-index))))

(defvar exwm-workspace--switch-map
  (let ((map (make-sparse-keymap)))
    (define-key map [t] (lambda () (interactive)))
    (define-key map "+" #'exwm-workspace--prompt-add)
    (define-key map "-" #'exwm-workspace--prompt-delete)
    (dotimes (i 10)
      (define-key map (int-to-string i)
        #'exwm-workspace--switch-map-nth-prefix))
    (define-key map "\C-a" (lambda () (interactive) (goto-history-element 1)))
    (define-key map "\C-e" (lambda ()
                             (interactive)
                             (goto-history-element (exwm-workspace--count))))
    (define-key map "\C-g" #'abort-recursive-edit)
    (define-key map "\C-]" #'abort-recursive-edit)
    (define-key map "\C-j" #'exit-minibuffer)
    ;; (define-key map "\C-m" #'exit-minibuffer) ;not working
    (define-key map [return] #'exit-minibuffer)
    (define-key map " " #'exit-minibuffer)
    (define-key map "\C-f" #'previous-history-element)
    (define-key map "\C-b" #'next-history-element)
    ;; Alternative keys
    (define-key map [right] #'previous-history-element)
    (define-key map [left] #'next-history-element)
    map)
  "Keymap used for interactively switch workspace.")

(defvar exwm-workspace--switch-history nil
  "History for `read-from-minibuffer' to interactively switch workspace.")
(defvar exwm-workspace--switch-history-outdated nil
  "Non-nil to indicate `exwm-workspace--switch-history' is outdated.")

(defun exwm-workspace--prompt-for-workspace (&optional prompt)
  "Prompt for a workspace, returning the workspace frame."
  (exwm-workspace--update-switch-history)
  (let* ((current-idx (exwm-workspace--position exwm-workspace--current))
         (history-add-new-input nil)  ;prevent modifying history
         (history-idx (read-from-minibuffer
                       (or prompt "Workspace: ")
                       (elt exwm-workspace--switch-history current-idx)
                       exwm-workspace--switch-map nil
                       `(exwm-workspace--switch-history . ,(1+ current-idx))))
         (workspace-idx (cl-position history-idx exwm-workspace--switch-history
                                     :test #'equal)))
    (elt exwm-workspace--list workspace-idx)))

(defvar exwm-workspace--prompt-add-allowed nil
  "Non-nil to allow adding workspace from the prompt.")
(defvar exwm-workspace--prompt-delete-allowed nil
  "Non-nil to allow deleting workspace from the prompt")
(defvar exwm-workspace--create-silently nil
  "When non-nil workspaces are created in the background (not switched to).

Please manually run the hook `exwm-workspace-list-change-hook' afterwards.")

(defun exwm-workspace--prompt-add ()
  "Add workspace from the prompt."
  (interactive)
  (when exwm-workspace--prompt-add-allowed
    (let ((exwm-workspace--create-silently t))
      (make-frame)
      (run-hooks 'exwm-workspace-list-change-hook))
    (exwm-workspace--update-switch-history)
    (goto-history-element minibuffer-history-position)))

(defun exwm-workspace--prompt-delete ()
  "Delete workspace from the prompt."
  (interactive)
  (when (and exwm-workspace--prompt-delete-allowed
             (< 1 (exwm-workspace--count)))
    (let ((frame (elt exwm-workspace--list (1- minibuffer-history-position))))
      (if (eq frame exwm-workspace--current)
          ;; Abort the recursive minibuffer if deleting the current workspace.
          (progn
            (run-with-idle-timer 0 nil #'delete-frame frame)
            (abort-recursive-edit))
        (delete-frame frame)
        (exwm-workspace--update-switch-history)
        (goto-history-element (min minibuffer-history-position
                                   (exwm-workspace--count)))))))

(defun exwm-workspace--update-switch-history ()
  "Update the history for switching workspace to reflect the latest status."
  (when exwm-workspace--switch-history-outdated
    (setq exwm-workspace--switch-history-outdated nil)
    (let* ((num (exwm-workspace--count))
           (sequence (number-sequence 0 (1- num)))
           (not-empty (make-vector num nil)))
      (dolist (i exwm--id-buffer-alist)
        (with-current-buffer (cdr i)
          (when exwm--frame
            (setf (aref not-empty
                        (exwm-workspace--position exwm--frame))
                  t))))
      (setq exwm-workspace--switch-history
            (mapcar
             (lambda (i)
               (mapconcat
                (lambda (j)
                  (format (if (= i j) "[%s]" " %s ")
                          (propertize
                           (int-to-string j)
                           'face
                           (cond ((frame-parameter (elt exwm-workspace--list j)
                                                   'exwm-urgency)
                                  '(:foreground "orange"))
                                 ((aref not-empty j) '(:foreground "green"))
                                 (t nil)))))
                sequence ""))
             sequence)))))

(defvar exwm-workspace-show-all-buffers nil
  "Non-nil to show buffers on other workspaces.")
(defvar exwm-workspace--minibuffer nil
  "The minibuffer frame shared among all frames.")
(defvar exwm-workspace-minibuffer-position nil
  "Position of the minibuffer frame.

Value nil means to use the default position which is fixed at bottom, while
'top and 'bottom mean to use an auto-hiding minibuffer.")
(defvar exwm-workspace-display-echo-area-timeout 1
  "Timeout for displaying echo area.")
(defvar exwm-workspace--display-echo-area-timer nil
  "Timer for auto-hiding echo area.")

;;;###autoload
(defun exwm-workspace--get-geometry (frame)
  "Return the geometry of frame FRAME."
  (or (frame-parameter frame 'exwm-geometry)
      (make-instance 'xcb:RECTANGLE
                     :x 0
                     :y 0
                     :width (x-display-pixel-width)
                     :height (x-display-pixel-height))))

;;;###autoload
(defun exwm-workspace--current-width ()
  "Return the width of current workspace."
  (let ((geometry (frame-parameter exwm-workspace--current 'exwm-geometry)))
    (if geometry
        (slot-value geometry 'width)
      (x-display-pixel-width))))

;;;###autoload
(defun exwm-workspace--current-height ()
  "Return the height of current workspace."
  (let ((geometry (frame-parameter exwm-workspace--current 'exwm-geometry)))
    (if geometry
        (slot-value geometry 'height)
      (x-display-pixel-height))))

;;;###autoload
(defun exwm-workspace--minibuffer-own-frame-p ()
  "Reports whether the minibuffer is displayed in its own frame."
  (memq exwm-workspace-minibuffer-position '(top bottom)))

(defvar exwm-workspace--id-struts-alist nil "Alist of X window and struts.")
(defvar exwm-workspace--struts nil "Areas occupied by struts.")

(defun exwm-workspace--update-struts ()
  "Update `exwm-workspace--struts'."
  (setq exwm-workspace--struts nil)
  (let (struts struts*)
    (dolist (pair exwm-workspace--id-struts-alist)
      (setq struts (cdr pair))
      (when struts
        (dotimes (i 4)
          (when (/= 0 (aref struts i))
            (setq struts*
                  (vector (aref [left right top bottom] i)
                          (aref struts i)
                          (when (= 12 (length struts))
                            (substring struts (+ 4 (* i 2)) (+ 6 (* i 2))))))
            (if (= 0 (mod i 2))
                ;; Make left/top processed first.
                (push struts* exwm-workspace--struts)
              (setq exwm-workspace--struts
                    (append exwm-workspace--struts (list struts*))))))))))

(defvar exwm-workspace--workareas nil "Workareas (struts excluded).")

(defun exwm-workspace--update-workareas ()
  "Update `exwm-workspace--workareas'."
  (let ((root-width (x-display-pixel-width))
        (root-height (x-display-pixel-height))
        workareas
        edge width position
        delta)
    ;; Calculate workareas with no struts.
    (if (frame-parameter (car exwm-workspace--list) 'exwm-geometry)
        ;; Use the 'exwm-geometry' frame parameter if possible.
        (dolist (f exwm-workspace--list)
          (with-slots (x y width height) (frame-parameter f 'exwm-geometry)
            (setq workareas (append workareas
                                    (list (vector x y width height))))))
      ;; Fall back to use the screen size.
      (let ((workarea (vector 0 0 root-width root-height)))
        (setq workareas (make-list (exwm-workspace--count) workarea))))
    ;; Exclude areas occupied by struts.
    (dolist (struts exwm-workspace--struts)
      (setq edge (aref struts 0)
            width (aref struts 1)
            position (aref struts 2))
      (dolist (w workareas)
        (pcase edge
          ;; Left and top are always processed first.
          (`left
           (setq delta (- (aref w 0) width))
           (when (and (< delta 0)
                      (or (not position)
                          (< (max (aref position 0) (aref w 1))
                             (min (aref position 1)
                                  (+ (aref w 1) (aref w 3))))))
             (cl-incf (aref w 2) delta)
             (setf (aref w 0) width)))
          (`right
           (setq delta (- root-width (aref w 0) (aref w 2) width))
           (when (and (< delta 0)
                      (or (not position)
                          (< (max (aref position 0) (aref w 1))
                             (min (aref position 1)
                                  (+ (aref w 1) (aref w 3))))))
             (cl-incf (aref w 2) delta)))
          (`top
           (setq delta (- (aref w 1) width))
           (when (and (< delta 0)
                      (or (not position)
                          (< (max (aref position 0) (aref w 0))
                             (min (aref position 1)
                                  (+ (aref w 0) (aref w 2))))))
             (cl-incf (aref w 3) delta)
             (setf (aref w 1) width)))
          (`bottom
           (setq delta (- root-height (aref w 1) (aref w 3) width))
           (when (and (< delta 0)
                      (or (not position)
                          (< (max (aref position 0) (aref w 0))
                             (min (aref position 1)
                                  (+ (aref w 0) (aref w 2))))))
             (cl-incf (aref w 3) delta))))))
    ;; Save the result.
    (setq exwm-workspace--workareas workareas)
    (xcb:flush exwm--connection)))

(defvar exwm-workspace--fullscreen-frame-count 0
  "Count the fullscreen workspace frames.")

(declare-function exwm-layout--resize-container "exwm-layout.el"
                  (id container x y width height &optional container-only))

(defun exwm-workspace--set-fullscreen (frame)
  "Make frame FRAME fullscreen according to `exwm-workspace--workareas'."
  (let ((workarea (elt exwm-workspace--workareas
                       (exwm-workspace--position frame)))
        (id (frame-parameter frame 'exwm-outer-id))
        (container (frame-parameter frame 'exwm-container))
        (workspace (frame-parameter frame 'exwm-workspace))
        x y width height)
    (setq x (aref workarea 0)
          y (aref workarea 1)
          width (aref workarea 2)
          height (aref workarea 3))
    (when (and (eq frame exwm-workspace--current)
               (exwm-workspace--minibuffer-own-frame-p))
      (exwm-workspace--resize-minibuffer-frame))
    (exwm-layout--resize-container id container 0 0 width height)
    (exwm-layout--resize-container nil workspace x y width height t)
    (xcb:flush exwm--connection))
  ;; This is only used for workspace initialization.
  (when exwm-workspace--fullscreen-frame-count
    (cl-incf exwm-workspace--fullscreen-frame-count)))

(defvar exwm-workspace--attached-minibuffer-height 0
  "Height (in pixel) of the attached minibuffer.

If the minibuffer is detached, this value is 0.")

(defun exwm-workspace--resize-minibuffer-frame ()
  "Resize minibuffer (and its container) to fit the size of workspace."
  (cl-assert (exwm-workspace--minibuffer-own-frame-p))
  (let ((workarea (elt exwm-workspace--workareas exwm-workspace-current-index))
        (container (frame-parameter exwm-workspace--minibuffer
                                    'exwm-container))
        y width)
    (setq y (if (eq exwm-workspace-minibuffer-position 'top)
                (- (aref workarea 1)
                   exwm-workspace--attached-minibuffer-height)
              ;; Reset the frame size.
              (set-frame-height exwm-workspace--minibuffer 1)
              (redisplay)               ;FIXME.
              (+ (aref workarea 1) (aref workarea 3)
                 (- (frame-pixel-height exwm-workspace--minibuffer))
                 exwm-workspace--attached-minibuffer-height))
          width (aref workarea 2))
    (xcb:+request exwm--connection
        (make-instance 'xcb:ConfigureWindow
                       :window container
                       :value-mask (logior xcb:ConfigWindow:X
                                           xcb:ConfigWindow:Y
                                           xcb:ConfigWindow:Width
                                           (if exwm-manage--desktop
                                               xcb:ConfigWindow:Sibling
                                             0)
                                           xcb:ConfigWindow:StackMode)
                       :x (aref workarea 0)
                       :y y
                       :width width
                       :sibling exwm-manage--desktop
                       :stack-mode (if exwm-manage--desktop
                                       xcb:StackMode:Above
                                     xcb:StackMode:Below)))
    (xcb:+request exwm--connection
        (make-instance 'xcb:ConfigureWindow
                       :window (frame-parameter exwm-workspace--minibuffer
                                                'exwm-outer-id)
                       :value-mask xcb:ConfigWindow:Width
                       :width width))))

(defun exwm-workspace--switch-map-nth-prefix (&optional prefix-digits)
  "Allow selecting a workspace by number.

PREFIX-DIGITS is a list of the digits introduced so far."
  (interactive)
  (let* ((k (aref (substring (this-command-keys-vector) -1) 0))
         (d (- k ?0))
         ;; Convert prefix-digits to number.  For example, '(2 1) to 120.
         (o 1)
         (pn (apply #'+ (mapcar (lambda (x)
                                  (setq o (* 10 o))
                                  (* o x))
                                prefix-digits)))
         (n (+ pn d))
         prefix-length index-max index-length)
    (if (or (= n 0)
            (> n
               (setq index-max (1- (exwm-workspace--count))))
            (>= (setq prefix-length (length prefix-digits))
                (setq index-length (floor (log index-max 10))))
            ;; Check if it's still possible to do a match.
            (> (* n (expt 10 (- index-length prefix-length)))
               index-max))
        (exwm-workspace--switch-map-select-nth n)
      ;; Go ahead if there are enough digits to select any workspace.
      (set-transient-map
       (let ((map (make-sparse-keymap))
             (cmd `(lambda ()
                     (interactive)
                     (exwm-workspace--switch-map-nth-prefix
                      ',(cons d prefix-digits)))))
         (dotimes (i 10)
           (define-key map (int-to-string i) cmd))
         ;; Accept
         (define-key map [return]
           `(lambda ()
              (interactive)
              (exwm-workspace--switch-map-select-nth ,n)))
         map)))))

(defun exwm-workspace--switch-map-select-nth (n)
  "Select Nth workspace."
  (interactive)
  (goto-history-element (1+ n))
  (exit-minibuffer))

(defvar exwm-workspace-switch-hook nil
  "Normal hook run after switching workspace.")

;;;###autoload
(defun exwm-workspace-switch (frame-or-index &optional force)
  "Switch to workspace INDEX.  Query for FRAME-OR-INDEX if it's not specified.

The optional FORCE option is for internal use only."
  (interactive
   (list
    (unless (and (eq major-mode 'exwm-mode)
                 ;; The prompt is invisible in fullscreen mode.
                 (memq xcb:Atom:_NET_WM_STATE_FULLSCREEN exwm--ewmh-state))
      (let ((exwm-workspace--prompt-add-allowed t)
            (exwm-workspace--prompt-delete-allowed t))
        (exwm-workspace--prompt-for-workspace "Switch to [+/-]: ")))))
  (let* ((frame (exwm-workspace--workspace-from-frame-or-index frame-or-index))
         (index (exwm-workspace--position frame))
         (workspace (frame-parameter frame 'exwm-workspace))
         (window (frame-parameter frame 'exwm-selected-window)))
    (when (or force (not (eq frame exwm-workspace--current)))
      (unless (window-live-p window)
        (setq window (frame-selected-window frame)))
      ;; Raise the workspace container.
      (xcb:+request exwm--connection
          (make-instance 'xcb:ConfigureWindow
                         :window workspace
                         :value-mask xcb:ConfigWindow:StackMode
                         :stack-mode xcb:StackMode:Above))
      ;; Raise X windows with struts set if there's no fullscreen X window.
      (unless (with-current-buffer (window-buffer window)
                (memq xcb:Atom:_NET_WM_STATE_FULLSCREEN exwm--ewmh-state))
        (dolist (pair exwm-workspace--id-struts-alist)
          (xcb:+request exwm--connection
              (make-instance 'xcb:ConfigureWindow
                             :window (car pair)
                             :value-mask xcb:ConfigWindow:StackMode
                             :stack-mode xcb:StackMode:Above))))
      (setq exwm-workspace--current frame
            exwm-workspace-current-index index)
      (unless (exwm-workspace--workspace-p (selected-frame))
        ;; Save the floating frame window selected on the previous workspace.
        (set-frame-parameter (buffer-local-value 'exwm--frame (window-buffer))
                             'exwm-selected-window (selected-window)))
      (select-window window)
      (x-focus-frame (window-frame window)) ;The real input focus.
      (set-frame-parameter frame 'exwm-selected-window nil)
      ;; Close the (possible) active minibuffer
      (when (active-minibuffer-window)
        (run-with-idle-timer 0 nil (lambda ()
                                     ;; Might be aborted by then.
                                     (when (active-minibuffer-window)
                                       (abort-recursive-edit)))))
      (if (exwm-workspace--minibuffer-own-frame-p)
          ;; Resize the minibuffer frame.
          (exwm-workspace--resize-minibuffer-frame)
        ;; Set a default minibuffer frame.
        (setq default-minibuffer-frame frame))
      ;; Hide windows in other workspaces by preprending a space
      (unless exwm-workspace-show-all-buffers
        (dolist (i exwm--id-buffer-alist)
          (with-current-buffer (cdr i)
            (let ((name (replace-regexp-in-string "^\\s-*" ""
                                                  (buffer-name))))
              (exwm-workspace-rename-buffer (if (eq frame exwm--frame)
                                                name
                                              (concat " " name)))))))
      ;; Update demands attention flag
      (set-frame-parameter frame 'exwm-urgency nil)
      ;; Update switch workspace history
      (setq exwm-workspace--switch-history-outdated t)
      ;; Set _NET_CURRENT_DESKTOP
      (xcb:+request exwm--connection
          (make-instance 'xcb:ewmh:set-_NET_CURRENT_DESKTOP
                         :window exwm--root :data index))
      (xcb:flush exwm--connection))
    (run-hooks 'exwm-workspace-switch-hook)))

(defvar exwm-workspace-switch-create-limit 10
  "Number of workspaces `exwm-workspace-switch-create' allowed to create
each time.")

;;;###autoload
(defun exwm-workspace-switch-create (frame-or-index)
  "Switch to workspace FRAME-OR-INDEX, creating it if it does not exist yet."
  (interactive)
  (if (or (framep frame-or-index)
          (< frame-or-index (exwm-workspace--count)))
      (exwm-workspace-switch frame-or-index)
    (let ((exwm-workspace--create-silently t))
      (dotimes (_ (min exwm-workspace-switch-create-limit
                       (1+ (- frame-or-index
                              (exwm-workspace--count)))))
        (make-frame))
      (run-hooks 'exwm-workspace-list-change-hook))
    (exwm-workspace-switch (car (last exwm-workspace--list)))))

(defvar exwm-workspace-list-change-hook nil
  "Normal hook run when the workspace list is changed (workspace added,
deleted, moved, etc).")

;;;###autoload
(defun exwm-workspace-swap (workspace1 workspace2)
  "Interchange position of WORKSPACE1 with that of WORKSPACE2."
  (interactive
   (unless (and (eq major-mode 'exwm-mode)
                ;; The prompt is invisible in fullscreen mode.
                (memq xcb:Atom:_NET_WM_STATE_FULLSCREEN exwm--ewmh-state))
     (let (w1 w2)
       (let ((exwm-workspace--prompt-add-allowed t)
             (exwm-workspace--prompt-delete-allowed t))
         (setq w1 (exwm-workspace--prompt-for-workspace
                   "Pick a workspace [+/-]: ")))
       (setq w2 (exwm-workspace--prompt-for-workspace
                 (format "Swap workspace %d with: "
                         (exwm-workspace--position w1))))
       (list w1 w2))))
  (let ((pos1 (exwm-workspace--position workspace1))
        (pos2 (exwm-workspace--position workspace2)))
    (if (or (not pos1) (not pos2) (= pos1 pos2))
        (user-error "[EXWM] Cannot swap %s and %s" workspace1 workspace2)
      (setf (elt exwm-workspace--list pos1) workspace2)
      (setf (elt exwm-workspace--list pos2) workspace1)
      ;; Update the _NET_WM_DESKTOP property of each X window affected.
      (dolist (pair exwm--id-buffer-alist)
        (when (memq (buffer-local-value 'exwm--frame (cdr pair))
                    (list workspace1 workspace2))
          (exwm-workspace--set-desktop (car pair))))
      (xcb:flush exwm--connection)
      (when (memq exwm-workspace--current (list workspace1 workspace2))
        ;; With the current workspace involved, lots of stuffs need refresh.
        (set-frame-parameter exwm-workspace--current 'exwm-selected-window
                             (selected-window))
        (exwm-workspace-switch exwm-workspace--current t))
      (run-hooks 'exwm-workspace-list-change-hook))))

;;;###autoload
(defun exwm-workspace-move (workspace nth)
  "Move WORKSPACE to the NTH position.
When called interactively, prompt for a workspace and move current one just
before it."
  (interactive
   (unless (and (eq major-mode 'exwm-mode)
                ;; The prompt is invisible in fullscreen mode.
                (memq xcb:Atom:_NET_WM_STATE_FULLSCREEN exwm--ewmh-state))
     (list exwm-workspace--current
           (exwm-workspace--position
            (exwm-workspace--prompt-for-workspace "Move workspace to: ")))))
  (let ((pos (exwm-workspace--position workspace))
        flag start end index)
    (if (= nth pos)
        (user-error "[EXWM] Cannot move to same position")
      ;; Set if the current workspace is involved.
      (setq flag (or (eq workspace exwm-workspace--current)
                     (eq (elt exwm-workspace--list nth)
                         exwm-workspace--current)))
      ;; Do the move.
      (with-no-warnings                 ;For Emacs 24.
        (pop (nthcdr pos exwm-workspace--list)))
      (push workspace (nthcdr nth exwm-workspace--list))
      ;; Update the _NET_WM_DESKTOP property of each X window affected.
      (setq start (min pos nth)
            end (max pos nth))
      (dolist (pair exwm--id-buffer-alist)
        (setq index (exwm-workspace--position
                     (buffer-local-value 'exwm--frame (cdr pair))))
        (unless (or (< index start) (> index end))
          (exwm-workspace--set-desktop (car pair))))
      (when flag
        ;; With the current workspace involved, lots of stuffs need refresh.
        (set-frame-parameter exwm-workspace--current 'exwm-selected-window
                             (selected-window))
        (exwm-workspace-switch exwm-workspace--current t))
      (run-hooks 'exwm-workspace-list-change-hook))))

;;;###autoload
(defun exwm-workspace-add (&optional index)
  "Add a workspace as the INDEX-th workspace, or the last one if INDEX is nil.

INDEX must not exceed the current number of workspaces."
  (interactive)
  (if (and index
           ;; No need to move if it's the last one.
           (< index (exwm-workspace--count)))
      (exwm-workspace-move (make-frame) index)
    (make-frame)))

;;;###autoload
(defun exwm-workspace-delete (&optional frame-or-index)
  "Delete the workspace FRAME-OR-INDEX."
  (interactive)
  (when (< 1 (exwm-workspace--count))
    (delete-frame
     (if frame-or-index
         (exwm-workspace--workspace-from-frame-or-index frame-or-index)
       exwm-workspace--current))))

(defun exwm-workspace--set-desktop (id)
  "Set _NET_WM_DESKTOP for X window ID."
  (with-current-buffer (exwm--id->buffer id)
    (xcb:+request exwm--connection
        (make-instance 'xcb:ewmh:set-_NET_WM_DESKTOP
                       :window id
                       :data (exwm-workspace--position exwm--frame)))))

(defvar exwm-floating-border-width)
(defvar exwm-floating-border-color)

(declare-function exwm-layout--show "exwm-layout.el" (id &optional window))
(declare-function exwm-layout--hide "exwm-layout.el" (id))
(declare-function exwm-layout--refresh "exwm-layout.el")
(declare-function exwm-layout--other-buffer-predicate "exwm-layout.el"
                  (buffer))

;;;###autoload
(defun exwm-workspace-move-window (frame-or-index &optional id)
  "Move window ID to workspace FRAME-OR-INDEX."
  (interactive (list
                (let ((exwm-workspace--prompt-add-allowed t)
                      (exwm-workspace--prompt-delete-allowed t))
                  (exwm-workspace--prompt-for-workspace "Move to [+/-]: "))))
  (let ((frame (exwm-workspace--workspace-from-frame-or-index frame-or-index)))
    (unless id (setq id (exwm--buffer->id (window-buffer))))
    (with-current-buffer (exwm--id->buffer id)
      (unless (eq exwm--frame frame)
        (unless exwm-workspace-show-all-buffers
          (let ((name (replace-regexp-in-string "^\\s-*" "" (buffer-name))))
            (exwm-workspace-rename-buffer
             (if (eq frame exwm-workspace--current)
                 name
               (concat " " name)))))
        (setq exwm--frame frame)
        (if exwm--floating-frame
            ;; Move the floating container.
            (with-slots (x y)
                (xcb:+request-unchecked+reply exwm--connection
                    (make-instance 'xcb:GetGeometry :drawable exwm--container))
              (xcb:+request exwm--connection
                  (make-instance 'xcb:ReparentWindow
                                 :window exwm--container
                                 :parent
                                 (frame-parameter frame 'exwm-workspace)
                                 :x x :y y))
              (xcb:flush exwm--connection)
              (if (exwm-workspace--minibuffer-own-frame-p)
                  (when (eq frame exwm-workspace--current)
                    (select-frame-set-input-focus exwm--floating-frame)
                    (exwm-layout--refresh))
                ;; The frame needs to be recreated since it won't use the
                ;; minibuffer on the new workspace.
                (let* ((old-frame exwm--floating-frame)
                       (new-frame
                        (with-current-buffer
                            (or (get-buffer "*scratch*")
                                (progn
                                  (set-buffer-major-mode
                                   (get-buffer-create "*scratch*"))
                                  (get-buffer "*scratch*")))
                          (make-frame
                           `((minibuffer . ,(minibuffer-window frame))
                             (background-color . ,exwm-floating-border-color)
                             (internal-border-width
                              . ,exwm-floating-border-width)
                             (left . 10000)
                             (top . 10000)
                             (width . ,window-min-width)
                             (height . ,window-min-height)
                             (unsplittable . t)))))
                       (outer-id (string-to-number
                                  (frame-parameter new-frame
                                                   'outer-window-id)))
                       (window-id (string-to-number
                                   (frame-parameter new-frame 'window-id)))
                       (frame-container (frame-parameter old-frame
                                                         'exwm-container))
                       (window (frame-root-window new-frame)))
                  (set-frame-parameter new-frame 'exwm-outer-id outer-id)
                  (set-frame-parameter new-frame 'exwm-id window-id)
                  (set-frame-parameter new-frame 'exwm-container
                                       frame-container)
                  (make-frame-invisible new-frame)
                  (set-frame-size new-frame
                                  (frame-pixel-width old-frame)
                                  (frame-pixel-height old-frame)
                                  t)
                  (xcb:+request exwm--connection
                      (make-instance 'xcb:ReparentWindow
                                     :window outer-id
                                     :parent frame-container
                                     :x 0 :y 0))
                  (xcb:flush exwm--connection)
                  (with-current-buffer (exwm--id->buffer id)
                    (setq window-size-fixed nil
                          exwm--frame frame
                          exwm--floating-frame new-frame)
                    (set-window-dedicated-p (frame-root-window old-frame) nil)
                    (remove-hook 'window-configuration-change-hook
                                 #'exwm-layout--refresh)
                    (set-window-buffer window (current-buffer))
                    (add-hook 'window-configuration-change-hook
                              #'exwm-layout--refresh)
                    (delete-frame old-frame)
                    (set-window-dedicated-p window t)
                    (exwm-layout--show id window))
                  (if (not (eq frame exwm-workspace--current))
                      (make-frame-visible new-frame)
                    (select-frame-set-input-focus new-frame)
                    (redisplay))))
              ;; Update the 'exwm-selected-window' frame parameter.
              (when (not (eq frame exwm-workspace--current))
                (with-current-buffer (exwm--id->buffer id)
                  (set-frame-parameter frame 'exwm-selected-window
                                       (frame-root-window
                                        exwm--floating-frame)))))
          ;; Move the X window container.
          (set-window-buffer (get-buffer-window (current-buffer) t)
                             (other-buffer nil t))
          (unless (eq frame exwm-workspace--current)
            ;; Clear the 'exwm-selected-window' frame parameter.
            (set-frame-parameter frame 'exwm-selected-window nil))
          (exwm-layout--hide id)
          ;; (current-buffer) is changed.
          (with-current-buffer (exwm--id->buffer id)
            ;; Reparent to the destination workspace.
            (xcb:+request exwm--connection
                (make-instance 'xcb:ReparentWindow
                               :window exwm--container
                               :parent (frame-parameter frame 'exwm-workspace)
                               :x 0 :y 0))
            ;; Place it just above the destination frame container.
            (xcb:+request exwm--connection
                (make-instance 'xcb:ConfigureWindow
                               :window exwm--container
                               :value-mask (logior xcb:ConfigWindow:Sibling
                                                   xcb:ConfigWindow:StackMode)
                               :sibling (frame-parameter frame 'exwm-container)
                               :stack-mode xcb:StackMode:Above)))
          (xcb:flush exwm--connection)
          (set-window-buffer (frame-selected-window frame)
                             (exwm--id->buffer id)))
        ;; Set _NET_WM_DESKTOP.
        (exwm-workspace--set-desktop id)
        (xcb:flush exwm--connection)))
    (setq exwm-workspace--switch-history-outdated t)))

;;;###autoload
(defun exwm-workspace-switch-to-buffer (buffer-or-name)
  "Make the current Emacs window display another buffer."
  (interactive
   (let ((inhibit-quit t))
     ;; Show all buffers
     (unless exwm-workspace-show-all-buffers
       (dolist (pair exwm--id-buffer-alist)
         (with-current-buffer (cdr pair)
           (when (= ?\s (aref (buffer-name) 0))
             (rename-buffer (substring (buffer-name) 1))))))
     (prog1
         (with-local-quit
           (list (get-buffer (read-buffer "Switch to buffer: " nil t))))
       ;; Hide buffers on other workspaces
       (unless exwm-workspace-show-all-buffers
         (dolist (pair exwm--id-buffer-alist)
           (with-current-buffer (cdr pair)
             (unless (or (eq exwm--frame exwm-workspace--current)
                         (= ?\s (aref (buffer-name) 0)))
               (rename-buffer (concat " " (buffer-name))))))))))
  (when buffer-or-name
    (with-current-buffer buffer-or-name
      (if (eq major-mode 'exwm-mode)
          ;; EXWM buffer.
          (if (eq exwm--frame exwm-workspace--current)
              ;; On the current workspace.
              (if (not exwm--floating-frame)
                  (switch-to-buffer buffer-or-name)
                ;; Select the floating frame.
                (select-frame-set-input-focus exwm--floating-frame)
                (select-window (frame-root-window exwm--floating-frame)))
            ;; On another workspace.
            (exwm-workspace-move-window exwm-workspace--current
                                        exwm--id))
        ;; Ordinary buffer.
        (switch-to-buffer buffer-or-name)))))

(defun exwm-workspace-rename-buffer (newname)
  "Rename a buffer."
  (let ((hidden (= ?\s (aref newname 0)))
        (basename (replace-regexp-in-string "<[0-9]+>$" "" newname))
        (counter 1)
        tmp)
    (when hidden (setq basename (substring basename 1)))
    (setq newname basename)
    (while (and (setq tmp (or (get-buffer newname)
                              (get-buffer (concat " " newname))))
                (not (eq tmp (current-buffer))))
      (setq newname (format "%s<%d>" basename (cl-incf counter))))
    (rename-buffer (concat (and hidden " ") newname))))

(defun exwm-workspace--x-create-frame (orig-fun params)
  "Set override-redirect on the frame created by `x-create-frame'."
  (let ((frame (funcall orig-fun params)))
    (xcb:+request exwm--connection
        (make-instance 'xcb:ChangeWindowAttributes
                       :window (string-to-number
                                (frame-parameter frame 'outer-window-id))
                       :value-mask xcb:CW:OverrideRedirect
                       :override-redirect 1))
    (xcb:flush exwm--connection)
    frame))

(defsubst exwm-workspace--minibuffer-attached-p ()
  "Return non-nil if the minibuffer is attached.

Please check `exwm-workspace--minibuffer-own-frame-p' first."
  (assq (frame-parameter exwm-workspace--minibuffer 'exwm-container)
        exwm-workspace--id-struts-alist))

;;;###autoload
(defun exwm-workspace-attach-minibuffer ()
  "Attach the minibuffer so that it always shows."
  (interactive)
  (when (and (exwm-workspace--minibuffer-own-frame-p)
             (not (exwm-workspace--minibuffer-attached-p)))
    ;; Reset the frame size.
    (set-frame-height exwm-workspace--minibuffer 1)
    (redisplay)                       ;FIXME.
    (setq exwm-workspace--attached-minibuffer-height
          (frame-pixel-height exwm-workspace--minibuffer))
    (let ((container (frame-parameter exwm-workspace--minibuffer
                                      'exwm-container)))
      (push (cons container
                  (if (eq exwm-workspace-minibuffer-position 'top)
                      (vector 0 0 exwm-workspace--attached-minibuffer-height 0)
                    (vector 0 0 0 exwm-workspace--attached-minibuffer-height)))
            exwm-workspace--id-struts-alist)
      (exwm-workspace--update-struts)
      (exwm-workspace--update-workareas)
      (dolist (f exwm-workspace--list)
        (exwm-workspace--set-fullscreen f))
      (exwm-workspace--show-minibuffer))))

;;;###autoload
(defun exwm-workspace-detach-minibuffer ()
  "Detach the minibuffer so that it automatically hides."
  (interactive)
  (when (and (exwm-workspace--minibuffer-own-frame-p)
             (exwm-workspace--minibuffer-attached-p))
    (setq exwm-workspace--attached-minibuffer-height 0)
    (let ((container (frame-parameter exwm-workspace--minibuffer
                                      'exwm-container)))
      (setq exwm-workspace--id-struts-alist
            (assq-delete-all container exwm-workspace--id-struts-alist))
      (exwm-workspace--update-struts)
      (exwm-workspace--update-workareas)
      (dolist (f exwm-workspace--list)
        (exwm-workspace--set-fullscreen f))
      (exwm-workspace--hide-minibuffer))))

;;;###autoload
(defun exwm-workspace-toggle-minibuffer ()
  "Attach the minibuffer if it's detached, or detach it if it's attached."
  (interactive)
  (when (exwm-workspace--minibuffer-own-frame-p)
    (if (exwm-workspace--minibuffer-attached-p)
        (exwm-workspace-detach-minibuffer)
      (exwm-workspace-attach-minibuffer))))

(defun exwm-workspace--update-minibuffer-height (&optional echo-area)
  "Update the minibuffer frame height."
  (unless (exwm-workspace--client-p)
    (let ((height
           (with-current-buffer
               (window-buffer (minibuffer-window exwm-workspace--minibuffer))
             (max 1
                  (if echo-area
                      (let ((width (frame-width exwm-workspace--minibuffer))
                            (result 0))
                        (mapc (lambda (i)
                                (setq result
                                      (+ result
                                         (ceiling (1+ (length i)) width))))
                              (split-string (or (current-message) "") "\n"))
                        result)
                    (count-screen-lines))))))
      (when (and (integerp max-mini-window-height)
                 (> height max-mini-window-height))
        (setq height max-mini-window-height))
      (set-frame-height exwm-workspace--minibuffer height))))

(defun exwm-workspace--on-ConfigureNotify (data _synthetic)
  "Adjust the container to fit the minibuffer frame."
  (let ((obj (make-instance 'xcb:ConfigureNotify))
        workarea y)
    (xcb:unmarshal obj data)
    (with-slots (window height) obj
      (when (eq (frame-parameter exwm-workspace--minibuffer 'exwm-outer-id)
                window)
        (when (and (floatp max-mini-window-height)
                   (> height (* max-mini-window-height
                                (exwm-workspace--current-height))))
          (setq height (floor
                        (* max-mini-window-height
                           (exwm-workspace--current-height))))
          (xcb:+request exwm--connection
              (make-instance 'xcb:ConfigureWindow
                             :window window
                             :value-mask xcb:ConfigWindow:Height
                             :height height)))
        (when (/= (exwm-workspace--count) (length exwm-workspace--workareas))
          ;; There is a chance the workareas are not updated timely.
          (exwm-workspace--update-workareas))
        (setq workarea (elt exwm-workspace--workareas
                            exwm-workspace-current-index)
              y (if (eq exwm-workspace-minibuffer-position 'top)
                    (- (aref workarea 1)
                       exwm-workspace--attached-minibuffer-height)
                  (+ (aref workarea 1) (aref workarea 3) (- height)
                     exwm-workspace--attached-minibuffer-height)))
        (xcb:+request exwm--connection
            (make-instance 'xcb:ConfigureWindow
                           :window (frame-parameter exwm-workspace--minibuffer
                                                    'exwm-container)
                           :value-mask (logior xcb:ConfigWindow:Y
                                               xcb:ConfigWindow:Height)
                           :y y
                           :height height))
        (xcb:flush exwm--connection)))))

(defun exwm-workspace--display-buffer (buffer alist)
  "Display BUFFER as if the current workspace is selected."
  ;; Only when the floating minibuffer frame is selected.
  ;; This also protect this functions from being recursively called.
  (when (eq (selected-frame) exwm-workspace--minibuffer)
    (with-selected-frame exwm-workspace--current
      (display-buffer buffer alist))))

(defun exwm-workspace--show-minibuffer ()
  "Show the minibuffer frame."
  ;; Cancel pending timer.
  (when exwm-workspace--display-echo-area-timer
    (cancel-timer exwm-workspace--display-echo-area-timer)
    (setq exwm-workspace--display-echo-area-timer nil))
  ;; Show the minibuffer frame.
  (xcb:+request exwm--connection
      (make-instance 'xcb:ConfigureWindow
                     :window (frame-parameter exwm-workspace--minibuffer
                                              'exwm-container)
                     :value-mask xcb:ConfigWindow:StackMode
                     :stack-mode xcb:StackMode:Above))
  (xcb:flush exwm--connection)
  ;; Unfortunately we need the following lines to workaround a cursor
  ;; flickering issue for line-mode floating X windows.  They just make the
  ;; minibuffer appear to be focused.
  ;; (FIXED?)
  ;; (with-current-buffer (window-buffer (minibuffer-window
  ;;                                      exwm-workspace--minibuffer))
  ;;   (setq cursor-in-non-selected-windows
  ;;         (frame-parameter exwm-workspace--minibuffer 'cursor-type)))
  )

(defun exwm-workspace--hide-minibuffer ()
  "Hide the minibuffer frame."
  ;; Hide the minibuffer frame.
  (xcb:+request exwm--connection
      (make-instance 'xcb:ConfigureWindow
                     :window (frame-parameter exwm-workspace--minibuffer
                                              'exwm-container)
                     :value-mask (logior (if exwm-manage--desktop
                                             xcb:ConfigWindow:Sibling
                                           0)
                                         xcb:ConfigWindow:StackMode)
                     :sibling exwm-manage--desktop
                     :stack-mode (if exwm-manage--desktop
                                     xcb:StackMode:Above
                                   xcb:StackMode:Below)))
  (xcb:flush exwm--connection))

(defun exwm-workspace--on-minibuffer-setup ()
  "Run in minibuffer-setup-hook to show the minibuffer and its container."
  (when (and (= 1 (minibuffer-depth))
             (not (exwm-workspace--client-p)))
    (add-hook 'post-command-hook #'exwm-workspace--update-minibuffer-height)
    (exwm-workspace--show-minibuffer))
  ;; FIXME: This is a temporary fix for the *Completions* buffer not
  ;;        being correctly fitted by its displaying window.  As with
  ;;        `exwm-workspace--display-buffer', the problem is caused by
  ;;        the fact that the minibuffer (rather than the workspace)
  ;;        frame is the 'selected frame'.  `get-buffer-window' will
  ;;        fail to retrieve the correct window.  It's likely there are
  ;;        other related issues.
  ;; This is not required by Emacs 24.
  (when (fboundp 'window-preserve-size)
    (let ((window (get-buffer-window "*Completions*"
                                     exwm-workspace--current)))
      (when window
        (fit-window-to-buffer window)
        (window-preserve-size window)))))

(defun exwm-workspace--on-minibuffer-exit ()
  "Run in minibuffer-exit-hook to hide the minibuffer container."
  (when (and (= 1 (minibuffer-depth))
             (not (exwm-workspace--client-p)))
    (remove-hook 'post-command-hook #'exwm-workspace--update-minibuffer-height)
    (exwm-workspace--hide-minibuffer)))

(defvar exwm-input--during-command)

(defun exwm-workspace--on-echo-area-dirty ()
  "Run when new message arrives to show the echo area and its container."
  (when (and (not (active-minibuffer-window))
             (not (exwm-workspace--client-p))
             (or (current-message)
                 cursor-in-echo-area))
    (exwm-workspace--update-minibuffer-height t)
    (exwm-workspace--show-minibuffer)
    (unless (or (not exwm-workspace-display-echo-area-timeout)
                exwm-input--during-command ;e.g. read-event
                input-method-use-echo-area)
      (setq exwm-workspace--display-echo-area-timer
            (run-with-timer exwm-workspace-display-echo-area-timeout nil
                            #'exwm-workspace--on-echo-area-clear)))))

(defun exwm-workspace--on-echo-area-clear ()
  "Run in echo-area-clear-hook to hide echo area container."
  (unless (exwm-workspace--client-p)
    (unless (active-minibuffer-window)
      (exwm-workspace--hide-minibuffer))
    (when exwm-workspace--display-echo-area-timer
      (cancel-timer exwm-workspace--display-echo-area-timer)
      (setq exwm-workspace--display-echo-area-timer nil))))

(defvar exwm-workspace--client nil
  "The 'client' frame parameter of emacsclient frames.")

(declare-function exwm-manage--unmanage-window "exwm-manage.el")
(declare-function exwm--exit "exwm.el")

(defun exwm-workspace--confirm-kill-emacs (prompt &optional force)
  "Confirm before exiting Emacs."
  (when (cond
         ((and force (not (eq force 'no-check)))
          ;; Force killing Emacs.
          t)
         ((or (eq force 'no-check) (not exwm--id-buffer-alist))
          ;; Check if there's any unsaved file.
          (pcase (catch 'break
                   (let ((kill-emacs-query-functions
                          (append kill-emacs-query-functions
                                  (list (lambda ()
                                          (throw 'break 'break))))))
                     (save-buffers-kill-emacs)))
            (`break (y-or-n-p prompt))
            (x x)))
         (t
          (yes-or-no-p (format "[EXWM] %d window(s) will be destroyed.  %s"
                               (length exwm--id-buffer-alist) prompt))))
    ;; Run `kill-emacs-hook' (`server-force-stop' excluded) before Emacs
    ;; frames are unmapped so that errors (if any) can be visible.
    (if (memq #'server-force-stop kill-emacs-hook)
        (progn
          (setq kill-emacs-hook (delq #'server-force-stop kill-emacs-hook))
          (run-hooks 'kill-emacs-hook)
          (setq kill-emacs-hook (list #'server-force-stop)))
      (run-hooks 'kill-emacs-hook)
      (setq kill-emacs-hook nil))
    ;; Hide & reparent out all frames (save-set can't be used here since
    ;; X windows will be re-mapped).
    (when (exwm-workspace--minibuffer-own-frame-p)
      (let ((id (frame-parameter exwm-workspace--minibuffer 'exwm-outer-id)))
        (xcb:+request exwm--connection
            (make-instance 'xcb:UnmapWindow
                           :window id))
        (xcb:+request exwm--connection
            (make-instance 'xcb:ReparentWindow
                           :window id
                           :parent exwm--root
                           :x 0
                           :y 0))))
    (dolist (f exwm-workspace--list)
      (let ((id (frame-parameter f 'exwm-outer-id)))
        (xcb:+request exwm--connection
            (make-instance 'xcb:UnmapWindow
                           :window id))
        (xcb:+request exwm--connection
            (make-instance 'xcb:ReparentWindow
                           :window id
                           :parent exwm--root
                           :x 0
                           :y 0))))
    ;; Restore the 'client' frame parameter (before `exwm--exit').
    (when exwm-workspace--client
      (dolist (f exwm-workspace--list)
        (set-frame-parameter f 'client exwm-workspace--client))
      (when (exwm-workspace--minibuffer-own-frame-p)
        (set-frame-parameter exwm-workspace--minibuffer 'client
                             exwm-workspace--client)))
    ;; Exit each module.
    (exwm--exit)
    ;; Destroy all resources created by this connection.
    (xcb:disconnect exwm--connection)
    (setq exwm--connection nil)
    ;; Set the return value.
    t))

(defun exwm-workspace--set-desktop-geometry ()
  "Set _NET_DESKTOP_GEOMETRY."
  ;; We don't support large desktop so it's the same with screen size.
  (xcb:+request exwm--connection
      (make-instance 'xcb:ewmh:set-_NET_DESKTOP_GEOMETRY
                     :window exwm--root
                     :width (x-display-pixel-width)
                     :height (x-display-pixel-height))))

(defvar exwm-workspace--timer nil "Timer used to track echo area changes.")

(defun exwm-workspace--add-frame-as-workspace (frame)
  "Configure frame FRAME to be treated as a workspace."
  (cond
   ((exwm-workspace--workspace-p frame)
    (exwm--log "Frame `%s' is already a workspace" frame))
   ((not (display-graphic-p frame))
    (exwm--log "Frame `%s' is not graphical" frame))
   ((not (string-equal (slot-value exwm--connection 'display)
                       (frame-parameter frame 'display)))
    (exwm--log "Frame `%s' is on a different DISPLAY (%S instead of %S)"
               frame
               (frame-parameter frame 'display)
               (slot-value exwm--connection 'display)))
   ((frame-parameter frame 'unsplittable)
    ;; We create floating frames with the "unsplittable" parameter set.
    ;; Though it may not be a floating frame, we won't treat an
    ;; unsplittable frame as a workspace anyway.
    (exwm--log "Frame `%s' is floating" frame))
   (t
    (exwm--log "Adding frame `%s' as workspace" frame)
    (setq exwm-workspace--list (nconc exwm-workspace--list (list frame)))
    (let ((outer-id (string-to-number (frame-parameter frame
                                                       'outer-window-id)))
          (window-id (string-to-number (frame-parameter frame 'window-id)))
          (container (xcb:generate-id exwm--connection))
          (workspace (xcb:generate-id exwm--connection)))
      ;; Save window IDs
      (set-frame-parameter frame 'exwm-outer-id outer-id)
      (set-frame-parameter frame 'exwm-id window-id)
      (set-frame-parameter frame 'exwm-container container)
      (set-frame-parameter frame 'exwm-workspace workspace)
      ;; In case it's created by emacsclient.
      (set-frame-parameter frame 'client nil)
      ;; Copy RandR frame parameters from the first workspace to
      ;; prevent potential problems.  The values do not matter here as
      ;; they'll be updated by the RandR module later.
      (let ((w (car exwm-workspace--list)))
        (dolist (param '(exwm-randr-output
                         exwm-geometry))
          (set-frame-parameter frame param (frame-parameter w param))))
      (xcb:+request exwm--connection
          (make-instance 'xcb:CreateWindow
                         :depth 0
                         :wid workspace
                         :parent exwm--root
                         :x 0
                         :y 0
                         :width (x-display-pixel-width)
                         :height (x-display-pixel-height)
                         :border-width 0
                         :class xcb:WindowClass:InputOutput
                         :visual 0
                         :value-mask (logior xcb:CW:BackPixmap
                                             xcb:CW:OverrideRedirect
                                             xcb:CW:EventMask)
                         :background-pixmap xcb:BackPixmap:ParentRelative
                         :override-redirect 1
                         :event-mask xcb:EventMask:SubstructureRedirect))
      (xcb:+request exwm--connection
          (make-instance 'xcb:ConfigureWindow
                         :window workspace
                         :value-mask xcb:ConfigWindow:StackMode
                         :stack-mode xcb:StackMode:Below))
      (xcb:+request exwm--connection
          (make-instance 'xcb:CreateWindow
                         :depth 0
                         :wid container
                         :parent workspace
                         :x 0
                         :y 0
                         :width (x-display-pixel-width)
                         :height (x-display-pixel-height)
                         :border-width 0
                         :class xcb:WindowClass:InputOutput
                         :visual 0
                         :value-mask (logior xcb:CW:BackPixmap
                                             xcb:CW:OverrideRedirect)
                         :background-pixmap xcb:BackPixmap:ParentRelative
                         :override-redirect 1))
      (exwm--debug
       (xcb:+request exwm--connection
           (make-instance 'xcb:ewmh:set-_NET_WM_NAME
                          :window workspace
                          :data
                          (format "EXWM workspace %d"
                                  (exwm-workspace--position frame))))
       (xcb:+request exwm--connection
           (make-instance 'xcb:ewmh:set-_NET_WM_NAME
                          :window container
                          :data
                          (format "EXWM workspace %d frame container"
                                  (exwm-workspace--position frame)))))
      (xcb:+request exwm--connection
          (make-instance 'xcb:ReparentWindow
                         :window outer-id :parent container :x 0 :y 0))
      (xcb:+request exwm--connection
          (make-instance 'xcb:MapWindow :window container))
      (xcb:+request exwm--connection
          (make-instance 'xcb:MapWindow :window workspace)))
    (xcb:flush exwm--connection)
    ;; Delay making the workspace fullscreen until Emacs becomes idle
    (run-with-idle-timer 0 nil #'set-frame-parameter
                         frame 'fullscreen 'fullboth)
    ;; Update EWMH properties.
    (exwm-workspace--update-ewmh-props)
    (if exwm-workspace--create-silently
        (setq exwm-workspace--switch-history-outdated t)
      (exwm-workspace-switch frame t)
      (run-hooks 'exwm-workspace-list-change-hook)))))

(defun exwm-workspace--remove-frame-as-workspace (frame)
  "Stop treating frame FRAME as a workspace."
  (cond
   ((not (exwm-workspace--workspace-p frame))
    (exwm--log "Frame `%s' is not a workspace" frame))
   (t
    (exwm--log "Removing frame `%s' as workspace" frame)
    (when (= 1 (exwm-workspace--count))
      ;; The user managed to delete the last workspace, so create a new one.
      (exwm--log "Last workspace deleted; create a new one")
      (let ((exwm-workspace--create-silently t))
        (make-frame)))
    (let* ((index (exwm-workspace--position frame))
           (lastp (= index (1- (exwm-workspace--count))))
           (nextw (elt exwm-workspace--list (+ index (if lastp -1 +1)))))
      ;; Need to remove the workspace from the list in order for
      ;; the correct calculation of indexes.
      (setq exwm-workspace--list (delete frame exwm-workspace--list))
      ;; Clients need to be moved to some other workspace before this is being
      ;; removed.
      (dolist (pair exwm--id-buffer-alist)
        (with-current-buffer (cdr pair)
          (when (eq exwm--frame frame)
            (exwm-workspace-move-window nextw exwm--id))))
      ;; Update the _NET_WM_DESKTOP property of each X window affected.
      (dolist (pair exwm--id-buffer-alist)
        (when (<= (1- index)
                  (exwm-workspace--position (buffer-local-value 'exwm--frame
                                                                (cdr pair))))
          (exwm-workspace--set-desktop (car pair))))
      ;; If the current workspace is deleted, switch to next one.
      (when (eq frame exwm-workspace--current)
        (exwm-workspace-switch nextw)))
    ;; Reparent out the frame.
    (xcb:+request exwm--connection
        (make-instance 'xcb:ReparentWindow
                       :window (frame-parameter frame 'exwm-outer-id)
                       :parent exwm--root
                       :x 0
                       :y 0))
    ;; Destroy the containers.
    (xcb:+request exwm--connection
        (make-instance 'xcb:DestroyWindow
                       :window (frame-parameter frame 'exwm-workspace)))
    ;; Update EWMH properties.
    (exwm-workspace--update-ewmh-props)
    ;; Update switch history.
    (setq exwm-workspace--switch-history-outdated t)
    (run-hooks 'exwm-workspace-list-change-hook))))

(defun exwm-workspace--update-ewmh-props ()
  "Update EWMH properties to match the workspace list."
  (let ((num-workspaces (exwm-workspace--count)))
    ;; Set _NET_NUMBER_OF_DESKTOPS.
    (xcb:+request exwm--connection
        (make-instance 'xcb:ewmh:set-_NET_NUMBER_OF_DESKTOPS
                       :window exwm--root :data num-workspaces))
    ;; Set _NET_DESKTOP_GEOMETRY.
    (exwm-workspace--set-desktop-geometry)
    ;; Update workareas.
    (exwm-workspace--update-workareas)
    ;; Set _NET_VIRTUAL_ROOTS.
    (xcb:+request exwm--connection
        (make-instance 'xcb:ewmh:set-_NET_VIRTUAL_ROOTS
                       :window exwm--root
                       :data (vconcat (mapcar
                                       (lambda (i)
                                         (frame-parameter i 'exwm-workspace))
                                       exwm-workspace--list)))))
  (xcb:flush exwm--connection))

(defun exwm-workspace--modify-all-x-frames-parameters (new-x-parameters)
  "Modifies `window-system-default-frame-alist' for the X Window System.
NEW-X-PARAMETERS is an alist of frame parameters, merged into current
`window-system-default-frame-alist' for the X Window System.  The parameters are
applied to all subsequently created X frames."
  ;; The parameters are modified in place; take current
  ;; ones or insert a new X-specific list.
  (let ((x-parameters (or (assq 'x window-system-default-frame-alist)
                          (let ((new-x-parameters '(x)))
                            (push new-x-parameters
                                  window-system-default-frame-alist)
                            new-x-parameters))))
    (setf (cdr x-parameters)
          (append new-x-parameters (cdr x-parameters)))))

(defun exwm-workspace--init ()
  "Initialize workspace module."
  ;; Prevent unexpected exit
  (setq confirm-kill-emacs #'exwm-workspace--confirm-kill-emacs)
  (exwm-workspace--modify-all-x-frames-parameters
   '((internal-border-width . 0)))
  (let ((initial-workspaces (frame-list)))
    (if (not (exwm-workspace--minibuffer-own-frame-p))
        ;; Initialize workspaces with minibuffers.
        (when (< 1 (length initial-workspaces))
          ;; Exclude the initial frame.
          (dolist (i initial-workspaces)
            (unless (frame-parameter i 'window-id)
              (setq initial-workspaces (delq i initial-workspaces))))
          (setq exwm-workspace--client
                (frame-parameter (car initial-workspaces) 'client))
          (let ((f (car initial-workspaces)))
            ;; Remove the possible internal border.
            (set-frame-parameter f 'internal-border-width 0)
            ;; Prevent user from deleting the first frame by accident.
            (set-frame-parameter f 'client nil)))
      ;; Initialize workspaces without minibuffers.
      (setq exwm-workspace--minibuffer
            (make-frame '((window-system . x) (minibuffer . only)
                          (left . 10000) (right . 10000)
                          (width . 1) (height . 1)
                          (client . nil))))
      ;; Remove/hide existing frames.
      (dolist (f initial-workspaces)
        (if (frame-parameter f 'client)
            (progn
              (unless exwm-workspace--client
                (setq exwm-workspace--client (frame-parameter f 'client)))
              (make-frame-invisible f))
          (when (eq 'x (framep f))   ;do not delete the initial frame.
            (delete-frame f))))
      ;; This is the only usable minibuffer frame.
      (setq default-minibuffer-frame exwm-workspace--minibuffer)
      (exwm-workspace--modify-all-x-frames-parameters
       '((minibuffer . nil)))
      (let ((outer-id (string-to-number
                       (frame-parameter exwm-workspace--minibuffer
                                        'outer-window-id)))
            (window-id (string-to-number
                        (frame-parameter exwm-workspace--minibuffer
                                         'window-id)))
            (container (xcb:generate-id exwm--connection)))
        (set-frame-parameter exwm-workspace--minibuffer
                             'exwm-outer-id outer-id)
        (set-frame-parameter exwm-workspace--minibuffer 'exwm-id window-id)
        (set-frame-parameter exwm-workspace--minibuffer 'exwm-container
                             container)
        (xcb:+request exwm--connection
            (make-instance 'xcb:CreateWindow
                           :depth 0
                           :wid container
                           :parent exwm--root
                           :x 0
                           :y 0
                           :width 1
                           :height 1
                           :border-width 0
                           :class xcb:WindowClass:InputOutput
                           :visual 0
                           :value-mask (logior xcb:CW:BackPixmap
                                               xcb:CW:OverrideRedirect)
                           :background-pixmap xcb:BackPixmap:ParentRelative
                           :override-redirect 1))
        (exwm--debug
         (xcb:+request exwm--connection
             (make-instance 'xcb:ewmh:set-_NET_WM_NAME
                            :window container
                            :data "Minibuffer container")))
        ;; Reparent the minibuffer frame to the container.
        (xcb:+request exwm--connection
            (make-instance 'xcb:ReparentWindow
                           :window outer-id :parent container :x 0 :y 0))
        ;; Map the container.
        (xcb:+request exwm--connection
            (make-instance 'xcb:MapWindow
                           :window container))
        ;; Attach event listener for monitoring the frame
        (xcb:+request exwm--connection
            (make-instance 'xcb:ChangeWindowAttributes
                           :window outer-id
                           :value-mask xcb:CW:EventMask
                           :event-mask xcb:EventMask:StructureNotify))
        (xcb:+event exwm--connection 'xcb:ConfigureNotify
                    #'exwm-workspace--on-ConfigureNotify))
      ;; Show/hide minibuffer / echo area when they're active/inactive.
      (add-hook 'minibuffer-setup-hook #'exwm-workspace--on-minibuffer-setup)
      (add-hook 'minibuffer-exit-hook #'exwm-workspace--on-minibuffer-exit)
      (setq exwm-workspace--timer
            (run-with-idle-timer 0 t #'exwm-workspace--on-echo-area-dirty))
      (add-hook 'echo-area-clear-hook #'exwm-workspace--on-echo-area-clear)
      ;; Recreate one frame with the external minibuffer set.
      (setq initial-workspaces (list (make-frame '((window-system . x)
                                                   (client . nil)))))
      ;; The default behavior of `display-buffer' (indirectly called by
      ;; `minibuffer-completion-help') is not correct here.
      (cl-pushnew '(exwm-workspace--display-buffer) display-buffer-alist
                  :test #'equal))
    ;; Prevent `other-buffer' from selecting already displayed EXWM buffers.
    (modify-all-frames-parameters
     '((buffer-predicate . exwm-layout--other-buffer-predicate)))
    ;; Create remaining workspaces.
    (dotimes (_ (- exwm-workspace-number (length initial-workspaces)))
      (nconc initial-workspaces (list (make-frame '((window-system . x)
                                                    (client . nil))))))
    ;; Configure workspaces
    (dolist (i initial-workspaces)
      (exwm-workspace--add-frame-as-workspace i)))
  (xcb:flush exwm--connection)
  ;; We have to advice `x-create-frame' or every call to it would hang EXWM
  (advice-add 'x-create-frame :around #'exwm-workspace--x-create-frame)
  ;; Make new frames create new workspaces.
  (add-hook 'after-make-frame-functions
            #'exwm-workspace--add-frame-as-workspace)
  (add-hook 'delete-frame-functions
            #'exwm-workspace--remove-frame-as-workspace)
  ;; Switch to the first workspace
  (exwm-workspace-switch 0 t))

(defun exwm-workspace--exit ()
  "Exit the workspace module."
  (setq confirm-kill-emacs nil
        exwm-workspace--list nil
        exwm-workspace--client nil
        exwm-workspace--minibuffer nil
        exwm-workspace--fullscreen-frame-count 0
        default-minibuffer-frame nil)
  (remove-hook 'minibuffer-setup-hook #'exwm-workspace--on-minibuffer-setup)
  (remove-hook 'minibuffer-exit-hook #'exwm-workspace--on-minibuffer-exit)
  (when exwm-workspace--timer
    (cancel-timer exwm-workspace--timer)
    (setq exwm-workspace--timer nil))
  (remove-hook 'echo-area-clear-hook #'exwm-workspace--on-echo-area-clear)
  (setq display-buffer-alist
        (cl-delete '(exwm-workspace--display-buffer) display-buffer-alist
                   :test #'equal))
  (advice-remove 'x-create-frame #'exwm-workspace--x-create-frame)
  (remove-hook 'after-make-frame-functions
               #'exwm-workspace--add-frame-as-workspace)
  (remove-hook 'delete-frame-functions
               #'exwm-workspace--remove-frame-as-workspace))

(defun exwm-workspace--post-init ()
  "The second stage in the initialization of the workspace module."
  (when exwm-workspace--client
    ;; Reset the 'fullscreen' frame parameter to make emacsclinet frames
    ;; fullscreen (even without the RandR module enabled).
    (dolist (i exwm-workspace--list)
      (set-frame-parameter i 'fullscreen nil)
      (set-frame-parameter i 'fullscreen 'fullboth)))
  ;; Wait until all workspace frames are resized.
  (with-timeout (1)
    (while (< exwm-workspace--fullscreen-frame-count (exwm-workspace--count))
      (accept-process-output nil 0.1)))
  (setq exwm-workspace--fullscreen-frame-count nil))



(provide 'exwm-workspace)

;;; exwm-workspace.el ends here