diff --git a/exwm-core.el b/exwm-core.el
index 5bcf943..85bbe58 100644
--- a/exwm-core.el
+++ b/exwm-core.el
@@ -180,6 +180,11 @@ least SECS seconds later."
                         ,function
                         ,@args))
 
+(defsubst exwm--terminal-p (&optional frame)
+  "Return t when FRAME's terminal is EXWM's terminal.
+If FRAME is null, use selected frame."
+  (eq exwm--terminal (frame-terminal frame)))
+
 (defun exwm--get-client-event-mask ()
   "Return event mask set on all managed windows."
   (logior xcb:EventMask:StructureNotify
diff --git a/exwm-input.el b/exwm-input.el
index c27ee1b..79bc78e 100644
--- a/exwm-input.el
+++ b/exwm-input.el
@@ -159,8 +159,6 @@ Current buffer will be the `exwm-mode' buffer when this hook runs.")
 (declare-function exwm-layout--iconic-state-p "exwm-layout.el" (&optional id))
 (declare-function exwm-layout--show "exwm-layout.el" (id &optional window))
 (declare-function exwm-reset "exwm.el" ())
-(declare-function exwm-workspace--client-p "exwm-workspace.el"
-                  (&optional frame))
 (declare-function exwm-workspace--minibuffer-own-frame-p "exwm-workspace.el")
 (declare-function exwm-workspace--workspace-p "exwm-workspace.el" (workspace))
 (declare-function exwm-workspace-switch "exwm-workspace.el"
@@ -296,8 +294,9 @@ ARGS are additional arguments to CALLBACK."
 
 (defun exwm-input--on-buffer-list-update ()
   "Run in `buffer-list-update-hook' to track input focus."
-  (when (and (not (exwm-workspace--client-p))
-             (not exwm-input--skip-buffer-list-update))
+  (when (and          ; this hook is called incesantly; place cheap tests on top
+         (not exwm-input--skip-buffer-list-update)
+         (exwm--terminal-p))      ; skip other terminals, e.g. TTY client frames
     (exwm--log "current-buffer=%S selected-window=%S"
                (current-buffer) (selected-window))
     (redirect-frame-focus (selected-frame) nil)
@@ -1100,37 +1099,40 @@ One use is to access the keymap bound to KEYS (as prefix keys) in char-mode."
 
 (defun exwm-input--on-minibuffer-setup ()
   "Run in `minibuffer-setup-hook' to grab keyboard if necessary."
-  (exwm--log)
-  (with-current-buffer
-      (window-buffer (frame-selected-window exwm-workspace--current))
-    (when (and (derived-mode-p 'exwm-mode)
-               (not (exwm-workspace--client-p))
-               (eq exwm--selected-input-mode 'char-mode))
-      (exwm-input--grab-keyboard exwm--id))))
+  (let* ((window (or (minibuffer-selected-window) ; minibuffer-setup-hook
+                     (selected-window)))          ; echo-area-clear-hook
+         (frame (window-frame window)))
+    (when (exwm--terminal-p frame)
+      (with-current-buffer (window-buffer window)
+        (when (and (derived-mode-p 'exwm-mode)
+                   (eq exwm--selected-input-mode 'char-mode))
+          (exwm--log "Grab #x%x window=%s frame=%s" exwm--id window frame)
+          (exwm-input--grab-keyboard exwm--id))))))
 
 (defun exwm-input--on-minibuffer-exit ()
   "Run in `minibuffer-exit-hook' to release keyboard if necessary."
-  (exwm--log)
-  (with-current-buffer
-      (window-buffer (frame-selected-window exwm-workspace--current))
-    (when (and (derived-mode-p 'exwm-mode)
-               (not (exwm-workspace--client-p))
-               (eq exwm--selected-input-mode 'char-mode)
-               (eq exwm--input-mode 'line-mode))
-      (exwm-input--release-keyboard exwm--id))))
+  (let* ((window (or (minibuffer-selected-window) ; minibuffer-setup-hook
+                     (selected-window)))          ; echo-area-clear-hook
+         (frame (window-frame window)))
+    (when (exwm--terminal-p frame)
+      (with-current-buffer (window-buffer window)
+        (when (and (derived-mode-p 'exwm-mode)
+                   (eq exwm--selected-input-mode 'char-mode)
+                   (eq exwm--input-mode 'line-mode))
+          (exwm--log "Release #x%x window=%s frame=%s" exwm--id window frame)
+          (exwm-input--release-keyboard exwm--id))))))
 
 (defun exwm-input--on-echo-area-dirty ()
   "Run when new message arrives to grab keyboard if necessary."
-  (exwm--log)
-  (when (and (not (active-minibuffer-window))
-             (not (exwm-workspace--client-p))
-             cursor-in-echo-area)
+  (when (and cursor-in-echo-area
+             (not (active-minibuffer-window)))
+    (exwm--log)
     (exwm-input--on-minibuffer-setup)))
 
 (defun exwm-input--on-echo-area-clear ()
   "Run in `echo-area-clear-hook' to release keyboard if necessary."
-  (exwm--log)
   (unless (current-message)
+    (exwm--log)
     (exwm-input--on-minibuffer-exit)))
 
 (defun exwm-input--init ()
diff --git a/exwm-layout.el b/exwm-layout.el
index 9173a1c..3d78b42 100644
--- a/exwm-layout.el
+++ b/exwm-layout.el
@@ -57,8 +57,6 @@
 (declare-function exwm-input--grab-keyboard "exwm-input.el")
 (declare-function exwm-input-grab-keyboard "exwm-input.el")
 (declare-function exwm-workspace--active-p "exwm-workspace.el" (frame))
-(declare-function exwm-workspace--client-p "exwm-workspace.el"
-                  (&optional frame))
 (declare-function exwm-workspace--minibuffer-own-frame-p "exwm-workspace.el")
 (declare-function exwm-workspace--workspace-p "exwm-workspace.el"
                   (workspace))
@@ -405,22 +403,27 @@ selected by `other-buffer'."
 (defun exwm-layout--on-minibuffer-setup ()
   "Refresh layout when minibuffer grows."
   (exwm--log)
-  (unless (exwm-workspace--client-p)
+  ;; Only when the minibuffer's frame is an EXWM frame.
+  ;; FIXME: would it be enough checking for workspace frames?
+  (when (exwm--terminal-p)
     (exwm--defer 0 (lambda ()
                      (when (< 1 (window-height (minibuffer-window)))
                        (exwm-layout--refresh))))))
 
 (defun exwm-layout--on-echo-area-change (&optional dirty)
   "Run when message arrives or in `echo-area-clear-hook' to refresh layout."
-  (when (and (current-message)
-             (not (exwm-workspace--client-p))
-             (or (cl-position ?\n (current-message))
-                 (> (length (current-message))
-                    (frame-width exwm-workspace--current))))
-    (exwm--log)
-    (if dirty
-        (exwm-layout--refresh)
-      (exwm--defer 0 #'exwm-layout--refresh))))
+  (let ((frame (window-frame (minibuffer-window)))
+        (msg (current-message)))
+    ;; Check whether the frame where current window's minibuffer resides (not
+    ;; current window's frame for floating windows!) must be adjusted.
+    (when (and msg
+               (exwm--terminal-p frame)
+               (or (cl-position ?\n msg)
+                   (> (length msg) (frame-width frame))))
+      (exwm--log)
+      (if dirty
+          (exwm-layout--refresh exwm-workspace--current)
+        (exwm--defer 0 #'exwm-layout--refresh exwm-workspace--current)))))
 
 ;;;###autoload
 (defun exwm-layout-enlarge-window (delta &optional horizontal)
diff --git a/exwm-workspace.el b/exwm-workspace.el
index 3e53a7a..450a381 100644
--- a/exwm-workspace.el
+++ b/exwm-workspace.el
@@ -162,22 +162,6 @@ NIL if FRAME is not a workspace"
   "Return t if FRAME is a workspace."
   (memq frame exwm-workspace--list))
 
-(defvar exwm-workspace--client-p-hash-table
-  (make-hash-table :test 'eq :weakness 'key)
-  "Used to cache the results of calling ‘exwm-workspace--client-p’.")
-
-(defsubst exwm-workspace--client-p (&optional frame)
-  "Return non-nil if FRAME is an emacsclient frame."
-  (let* ((frame (or frame (selected-frame)))
-         (cached-value
-          (gethash frame exwm-workspace--client-p-hash-table 'absent)))
-    (if (eq cached-value 'absent)
-        (puthash frame
-                 (or (frame-parameter frame 'client)
-                     (not (display-graphic-p frame)))
-                 exwm-workspace--client-p-hash-table)
-        cached-value)))
-
 (defvar exwm-workspace--switch-map nil
   "Keymap used for interactively selecting workspace.")
 
@@ -1126,7 +1110,7 @@ Please check `exwm-workspace--minibuffer-own-frame-p' first."
 
 (defun exwm-workspace--update-minibuffer-height (&optional echo-area)
   "Update the minibuffer frame height."
-  (unless (exwm-workspace--client-p)
+  (when (exwm--terminal-p)
     (let ((height
            (with-current-buffer
                (window-buffer (minibuffer-window exwm-workspace--minibuffer))
@@ -1243,7 +1227,7 @@ Please check `exwm-workspace--minibuffer-own-frame-p' first."
   "Run in minibuffer-setup-hook to show the minibuffer and its container."
   (exwm--log)
   (when (and (= 1 (minibuffer-depth))
-             (not (exwm-workspace--client-p)))
+             (exwm--terminal-p))
     (add-hook 'post-command-hook #'exwm-workspace--update-minibuffer-height)
     (exwm-workspace--show-minibuffer))
   ;; FIXME: This is a temporary fix for the *Completions* buffer not
@@ -1265,16 +1249,16 @@ Please check `exwm-workspace--minibuffer-own-frame-p' first."
   "Run in minibuffer-exit-hook to hide the minibuffer container."
   (exwm--log)
   (when (and (= 1 (minibuffer-depth))
-             (not (exwm-workspace--client-p)))
+             (exwm--terminal-p))
     (remove-hook 'post-command-hook #'exwm-workspace--update-minibuffer-height)
     (exwm-workspace--hide-minibuffer)))
 
 (defun exwm-workspace--on-echo-area-dirty ()
   "Run when new message arrives to show the echo area and its container."
   (when (and (not (active-minibuffer-window))
-             (not (exwm-workspace--client-p))
              (or (current-message)
-                 cursor-in-echo-area))
+                 cursor-in-echo-area)
+             (exwm--terminal-p))
     (exwm-workspace--update-minibuffer-height t)
     (exwm-workspace--show-minibuffer)
     (unless (or (not exwm-workspace-display-echo-area-timeout)
@@ -1297,7 +1281,7 @@ Please check `exwm-workspace--minibuffer-own-frame-p' first."
 
 (defun exwm-workspace--on-echo-area-clear ()
   "Run in echo-area-clear-hook to hide echo area container."
-  (unless (exwm-workspace--client-p)
+  (when (exwm--terminal-p)
     (unless (active-minibuffer-window)
       (exwm-workspace--hide-minibuffer))
     (when exwm-workspace--display-echo-area-timer
@@ -1455,8 +1439,7 @@ Return nil if FRAME is the only workspace."
    ((not (exwm-workspace--workspace-p frame))
     (exwm--log "Frame `%s' is not a workspace" frame))
    (t
-    (exwm-workspace--remove-frame-as-workspace frame)
-    (remhash frame exwm-workspace--client-p-hash-table))))
+    (exwm-workspace--remove-frame-as-workspace frame))))
 
 (defun exwm-workspace--fullscreen-workspace (frame)
   "Make workspace FRAME fullscreen.
@@ -1471,6 +1454,11 @@ Called from a timer."
     (exwm--log "Frame `%s' is already a workspace" frame))
    ((not (display-graphic-p frame))
     (exwm--log "Frame `%s' is not graphical" frame))
+   ((not (eq (frame-terminal) exwm--terminal))
+    (exwm--log "Frame `%s' is on a different terminal (%S instead of %S)"
+               frame
+               (frame-terminal frame)
+               exwm--terminal))
    ((not (string-equal
           (replace-regexp-in-string "\\.0$" ""
                                     (slot-value exwm--connection 'display))
diff --git a/exwm.el b/exwm.el
index 8a85002..ecce55c 100644
--- a/exwm.el
+++ b/exwm.el
@@ -995,7 +995,7 @@ manager.  If t, replace it, if nil, abort and ask the user if `ask'."
   "Confirm before killing terminal."
   ;; This is invoked instead of `save-buffers-kill-emacs' (C-x C-c) on client
   ;; frames.
-  (if (eq (frame-terminal) exwm--terminal)
+  (if (exwm--terminal-p)
       (exwm--confirm-kill-emacs "[EXWM] Kill terminal?")
     t))